Tactile paving surfaces at bus stops
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17411/jacces.v11i2.313Abstract
Accessible tourism promotes the right of all citizens to visit places and experience tourism. Therefore, universal accessibility must exist within the tourism value chain, where the public transport system is an important element. The research project "Accessibility for All in Tourism" focused on the attributes of inclusive bus stops and considered "Universal Design" and “Age Sensitive Design” approaches. In the built environment, products and spaces must consider the needs of all people to the greatest extent possible. In particular, adequate wayfinders to help people with visual disabilities in terms of orientation and danger alerts. Tactile paving surfaces are one of the fundamental elements of accessibility for people with visual disabilities, ensuring they have an independent life, whether they are residents in their city or tourists in another country. However, when considering these tactile surfaces, the needs of elderly people and individuals with visual disabilities are divergent. This study is intended to present international examples of tactile surfaces used at bus stops, in some cases based on bibliographic research and direct observation. For a better understanding of the constituent elements of tactile surfaces, established examples were compiled. The results indicate that there is a great diversity of technical solutions for tactile surfaces at bus stops that attend to the needs of people with visual disabilities, some more age-friendly than others. In a context of equitable use and accessible tourism, homogeneous technical solutions, inclusive for all, should be implemented in all countries.References
ACCESIBLE. (without a reference date). Guia Técnica para la instalación de sistemas de encaminhamento em las infraestructuras de transporte público en la Comunidad de Madrid. Comisión Técnica de Accesibilidad de modos de Transporte. Consejo para la promocion de la accesibilidad y supresion de barreras. Madrid. Retrieved from https://www.atuc.es/sites /default/files/guia-encaminamientos-comunidad-de-madrid.pdf
Agovino, M., Casaccia, M., Garofalo, A. & Marchesano, K. (2017).Tourism and disability in Italy. Limits and opportunities. Tourism Management Perspectives, 23, 58-67.
Aragall, F. & EuCAN members (2003). European concept for accessibility: technical assistance manual. Luxemburgo: EuCAN - European Concept for Accessibility Network.
ADAC (2018) Barrierefreie Verkehrsinfrastruktur. München. Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club. Retrieved from https://nds.tourismusnetzwerk.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/barriere freie-verkehrsinfrastruktur-adac-bro_t2zng1.pdf
ARRÊTÉ du 15 janvier 2007 portant application du décret n° 2006-1658 du 21 décembre 2006 relatif aux prescriptions techniques pour l’accessibilité de la voirie et des espaces publics. Retrieved from https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000646680/2020-10-26/
Campisi, T., Ignaccolo, M., Inturri, G., Tesoriere, G. & Torrisi, V. (2020) Evaluation of walkability and mobility requirements of visually impaired people in urban spaces. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100592.
Center for Universal Design. (1997). The principles of universal design. Connell, B.R., Jones, M., Mace, R., Mueller, J., Mullick, A., Ostroff, E., Sanford, J., Steinfeld, E., Story, M., Vanderheiden, G. North Carolina State University. Retrieved from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/ cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
Cerdan-Chiscano, M. (2020). Improving the design of urban transport experience with people with disabilities. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 9th December 2020, 100596 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100596.
CEREMA (2014). Bandes de guidage au sol - Guide de recommandations. Direction technique Territoires et ville. Lyon: Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement. Retrieved from http://www.bv.transports.gouv.qc.ca/mono/1177232.pdf
CERTU (2010). Les cheminements des personnes aveugles et malvoyantes - Recommandations pour les aménagements de voirie. Les point d’arrêt de bus, identification et sécurité de l’aire d’attente. Centre d'Etudes sur les Réseaux, les Transports, l'Urbanisme et les constructions publiques. Retrieved from http://www.seine-et-marne.gouv.fr/content/download /6416/42277/file/ FIC_2010100_CERTUguidage.pdf
Chippendale, T. & Boltz, M. (2014). The Neighborhood Environment: Perceived fall risk, resources, and strategies for fall prevention. The Gerontologist, 55(4): 575-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu019
Christophersen J. & Denizou K. (2011). Guidepaths in Buildings. In Preiser W., Smith K. (Eds.) Universal Design Handbook, 2nd Ed., 42.1-42.10. USA: McGraw-Hill.
Darcy, S. & Dickson, T. (2009). A Whole-of-Life Approach to Tourism: The Case for Accessible Tourism Experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 16(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.16.1.32
Dales, J. & Priestley, A. (2020). Accessible Public Realm: Updating Guidance and Further Research. Technical Annes 1: Tactile paving (RQ1 & 4). Report prepared for the Department for Transport. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/867008/accessible-public-realm-annex-1-tactile -paving.pdf
DBSV (2016). Bodenindikatoren: Sicherheit und Orientierung im öffentlichen Raum für blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen. Deutscher blinden und sehbehindertenverband e.v. Berlin. Retrieved from https://docplayer.org/79734593-Bodenindikatoren-sicherheit-und-orientie rung-im-oeffentlichen-raum-fuer-blinde-und-sehbehinderte-menschen.html
DETR (1998). Guidance on the Use of Tactile Paving Surfaces. London, UK: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-the-use-of-tactile-paving-surfaces
DfT (2002). Inclusive Mobility: A Guide to Best Practice on Access to Pedestrian and Transport Infrastructure. Department for Transport, UK. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/inclusive-mobility
DIN 32984. (2011). Bodenindikatoren im öffentlichen Raum/Ground surface indicators in public areas. Berlin Oktober 2011.
Domingues, A. (2019). Mobilidade e Transportes 2018 Relatório Anual. Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Algarve. Retrieved from https://mt.ccdr-alg.pt/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/N%C2%BA-43-Relat%C3%B3rio-Anual-Mobilidade-e-Transportes-2018.pdf
Duncan-Jones, B. (2015). Understanding Tactile Paving at Pedestrian Crossings. Support Material for Tactile Paving Providers. 3rd ed. London: London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham. Retrieved from https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/sites/default/files/understanding-tactile-paving-at-pedestrian-crossings-29-sept-2015.pdf
Fearnley, N., Flügel, S., Kili, M., Leiren, M.D., Nossum, A., Skollerud, K. & Aarhaug, J. (2011). Kollektivtrafikanters verdsetting av tiltak for universell utforming (Passengers’ valuation of measures for universal design of public transport). Report number: 1039/2009. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2011.07.004
GAMAH (2006). Guide de bonnes pratiques pour l’aménagement de cheminements piétons accessibles à tous. Éléments théoriques. Les manuels du MET. Région Wallonne: Groupe d’action pour une meilleure accessibilité aux personnes handicapées, numéro 10, octobre 2006. Retrieved from http://europe.wallonie.be/sites/default/files/manuel-met-10_1.pdf
Gameiro, C., Rosa, P. M., Sousa, C. & Mestre, I. (2019). Mobility Patterns of the Elderly Tourist in Algarve. In Proceedings of 2nd INternational CongRess on Engineering and Sustainability in the XXI cEntury - INCREaSE 2019, Faro, 9-11 October 2019.
Golledge, R. & Marston, J. (1999). Towards an Accessible City: Removing Functional Barriers to Independent Travel for Blind and Vision-Impaired Residents and Visitors. UC Berkeley, California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology.
Government of Dubai (2017). Dubai Universal Design Code. Developed by The Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments. Dubai. Retrieved from https://www.dha.gov.ae/Documents/HRD/RegulationsandStandards/Polocies/Dubai%20Universal%20Design%20Code%20Final%20Feb%202017.pdf
Greenshields, S., Wells, A., Barham, P. & Dales, J. (2018). Updating guidance on the accessible public realm: WP004 final report (CPR2559). Crowthorne, UK: TRL Ltd. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads /attachment_data/file/730347/updating-guidance-on-the-accessible-public-realm.pdf
Hunt, W. (2015). Wayfinding: passive and active. In C. Calori, and D. Vanden-Eynden (Ed.), Signage and wayfinding design: A complete guide to creating environmental graphic design systems (106-107), 2nd edition. New Jersey, US: Wiley.
Jones, T. & Jain, J. (2006). Examining the experiences of sight-impaired travellers: the next station stop?. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 24 (3), 141–144.
Kadir, S. A. & Jamaludin, M. (2013). Universal Design as a Significant Component for Sustainable Life and Social Development. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 85, 179-190. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.349. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273853138_ Universal_Design_as_a_Significant_Component_for_Sustainable_Life_and_Social_Development
Karst, G.M., Hageman, P.A., Jones, T.F. & Bunner, S.H. (1999). Reliability of foot trajectory measures within and between testing sessions. The Journals of Gerontology, 54, 343-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/ 54.7.M343
Kohaupt, B. (2014). Barrierefrei im öffentlichen Raum – Bodenindika toren. Bietigheim-Bissingen. Retrieved from http://www.unbehindertmobil.de/ stuttbodenindikatorendruck.pdf
Low, W. Y., Cao, M., De Vos, J. & Hickman, R. (2020). The journey experience of visually impaired people on public transport in London. Transport Policy, vol. 97(C), 137-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.018
Mantilla, J. & Burtt, D. (2016). Safer road design for older pedestrians. Version 1.1. August 2016. Melbourne: Victoria Walks. Retreived from https://www.victoriawalks.org.au/Assets/Files/Final_SRDOP_V1.1 _low_res.pdf
Mizuno, T., Nishidate, A., Tokuda, K. & Arai, K. (2008). Installation errors and corrections in tactile ground surface indicators in europe, america, oceania and asia. In IATSS Research, 32 (2), 68-80. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111214602107
Nirje, B. (1972). The right to self-determination. In W. Wolfensberger (Ed.), Normalization: The principle of normalization in human services (176-193). Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation.
Norme NF P98-351 (1989). Eveil de vigilance. Caractéristiques et essais des dispositifs podo-tactiles au sol d’éveil de vigilance à l’usage des personnes aveugles ou malvoyantes.
Ormerod, M.G., Newton, R.A., MacLennan, H.A., Faruk, M, Thies, S. B.A., Kenney, L. P. J., Howard, D. & Nester, C. J. (2015). Older people’s experiences of using tactile paving. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Municipal Engineer, 168 (1), 3-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen. 14.00016
Padinha, D., Miguel, S. & Almeida, C. (coord.) (2014). Plano de Marketing Estratégico para o Turismo do Algarve – 2015-2018. Turismo de Portugal.
Pindado, P. (2006). La Accesibilidad del Transporte en Autobús: Diagnóstico y soluciones, Colección Documentos Serie Documentos Técnicos nº. 21001. Madrid: IMSERSO. Retrieved from https://www.upv.es/ contenidos/CAMUNISO/info/U0528801.pdf
Pinto, P. C., Assunção, H. & Rosa, M.P. (2020). Senior tourists’ perceptions of tactile paving at bus stops and in the surrounding environment: Lessons learned from project ACCES4ALL. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15(4), 413-421. https://doi.org/10.18280/ ijsdp.150401
Quinones, P., Greene, T., Yang, R. & Newman, M. (2011). Supporting visually impaired navigation: a needs-finding study. In Proceeding of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI 2011, 1645–1650.
Real Decreto 1544/2007 de 23 de noviembre por el que se regulan las condiciones básicas de accesibilidad y no discriminación para el acceso y utilización de los modos de transporte para personas con discapacidad, Boletín Oficial del Estado, 4 de diciembre de 2007, núm. 290, 49948- 49975. España. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2007-20785
Rey-Galindo, J. A., Rizo-Corona, L., González-Muñoz, E. L. & Aceves-González, C. (2020). Environmental information for people with visual impairment in Mexico - or what they need and how they use it. Applied Ergonomics, 1-9. https://doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103079
Rosa, M. P. (2018). Innovative Urban Paradigms for Sustainability and Resilience. In H. Pinto, T. Noronha & E. Vaz (Eds), Resilience and Regional Dynamics. Advances in Spatial Science (The Regional Science Series). Springer, Cham (189-207). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95135-5_10
Rosa, M. P., Gameiro, C., Sousa, C. & Pinto, P. C. (2020). An analysis of elderly tourists’ constraints in the use of public transport. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 4 (2), 163 – 178. https://doi 10.2495/TDI-V4-N2-163-178
Rosburg, T. (2008). Tactile ground surface indicators in public places. In T. Rosburg (edt), Human haptic perception: Basics and applications, (491–499), Birkhäuser Basel.
Silverstone, B., M. Lang, B. Rosenthal & Faye, E.E. (eds) (2000). The Lighthouse Handbook on Vision Impairment and Vision Rehabilitation. New York: Oxford University Press.
SMT (2009). Guide d’aménagement des quais bus accessibles Schéma Directeur d’Accessibilité, Syndicat Mixte des Transports - SMT Artois Gohelle, Juin 2009. Retrieved from
" https://www.gers.gouv.fr/ content /download/12759/88661/file/Guide%20technique%20arr%C3%AAt%20de%20bus.pdf
Story, M. F. (2001). Principles of Universal Design. In W. F. E. Preiser and E. Ostroff (eds.), Universal Design Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill.
United Nations Organization. (2006). UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities and optional protocol. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf).
Winter, D. A. (1992). Foot trajectory in human gait: A precise and multifactorial motor control task. Physical Therapy, 72, 45-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/72.1.45
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Manuela Pires Rosa, Mello, G. S. , Morato, S.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share or adapt the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Use of the work for commercial purposes are not allowed.
- Authors are able to publish the journal's published version of the work in other media (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as far as they inform the Journal of Accessibility and Design for All of that fact. When publishing their work in other sources, authors must mention the name of the Journal of Accessibility and Design for All, its ISSN, the number and issue in which the article was published and a link to the main page of the Journal of Accessibility and Design for All. Optionally, they can also include a link to the article published in the Journal of Accessibility and Design for All.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
